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- $Unique_ID{BRK03668}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Diverticulosis}
- $Subject{Diverticulosis Diverticulosis of the Colon Colon, Diverticulosis
- Diverticulitis Familial Polyposis Carcinoma of the Colon}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 464:
- Diverticulosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Diverticulosis) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered
- by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Diverticulosis of the Colon
- Colon, Diverticulosis
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Carcinoma of the Colon
- Diverticulitis
- Familial Polyposis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Diverticulosis is characterized by small sac-like hernias of inner
- intestinal tissue protruding through the muscular wall of the large intestine
- (colon). These so-called diverticula may occur in any part of the colon, but
- most frequently in the lowest part (sigmoid).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Diverticulosis is characterized by small sac-like bodies (diverticula) which
- protrude through the wall of the colon. The diverticular wall consists of a
- thin layer of mucous membrane tissue. Diverticula can vary in size from 0.1
- inch to larger than 1 inch in diameter, and are frequently responsible for
- bleeding from the rectum. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become
- infected. However, until this occurs most persons with diverticula show no
- symptoms.
-
- Causes
-
- Diverticulosis may be caused by a highly refined diet lacking sufficient
- fiber and bulk. The lack of bulk may cause muscle spasms of the colon,
- especially in the lower section called the sigmoid. Pressure inside the
- colon builds up and the mucous tissue eventually pushes through the muscular
- coat of the colon, usually where the blood vessels pierce the muscle.
- Ulceration of the diverticulum may occur causing rectal bleeding. Chronic
- constipation may also cause Diverticulosis. If the sacs become infected
- Diverticulosis becomes Diverticulitis. (For more information, see the
- Related Disorders section of this report.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Diverticulosis is a common disorder affecting 30 to 40% of persons over age
- 50. The incidence increases with each subsequent decade of life. It affects
- males and females in equal numbers. Diverticulitis is less common than
- Diverticulosis.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Diverticulitis is characterized by inflammation of one or more diverticula.
- Perforation of a diverticulum may lead to inflammation or contamination of
- the surrounding tissues in the abdominal cavity. The inflamed bowel segment
- often adheres to other parts of the bowel or the vagina. An abnormal
- connection to those organs (fistula) may develop. With repeated
- inflammation, the colon wall thickens, its cavity narrows, and acute
- obstruction or perforation may occur.
-
- Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) of the Colon is characterized by pain in the
- lower abdomen, constipation or diarrhea, excessive gas (flatulence), liquid
- narrow feces streaked with blood, and nausea. Patients with this disorder
- lose weight. The cause of this type of cancer is unknown. It may be
- associated with polyps or ulcerative colitis. This cancer tends to run in
- families and has a peak incidence between the ages of 50 and 60.
-
- Familial Polyposis of the Colon is a genetic digestive disorder that is
- usually without noticeable symptoms for years. A polyp is a mass of tissue
- that arises from the mucous membrane of the intestine and protrudes into its
- cavity. Familial Polyposis is characterized by rectal bleeding, possibly
- diarrhea or constipation, intermittent abdominal pain and weight loss. The
- polyps usually develop during puberty or early adulthood. Untreated patients
- with Familial Polyposis have a very high risk of developing colonic cancer.
- (For more information, choose "Polyposis" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diverticulosis may be treated by a diet high in fiber; e.g. whole wheat
- bread, bran cereal, etc. Application of heat, adequate rest, a diet with
- substantial bulk and medication usually relieve symptoms. Small doses of the
- barbiturate drug phenobarbital, and the anticholinergic muscle relaxant
- belladonna, may also relieve abdominal distress.
-
- If severe bleeding occurs, immediate hospitalization, blood transfusions,
- and close observation are necessary. Surgery may occasionally be required to
- treat severe bleeding. If the source of the bleeding can be identified, that
- segment of the colon may be removed. In very severe cases, removal of the
- whole colon may be recommended. This surgical procedure can be performed in
- steps to reduce the risk in elderly patients.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Diverticulosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-2168
-
- References
-
- Internal Medicine, 2nd ed.: Jay H. Stein, et al., eds. Little, Brown, 1987.
- Pp. 168-179.
-
- FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH DIVERTICULOSIS AND DIVERTICULITIS OF THE
- COLON: E.J. Lubbers, et al.; Arch Chir Neerl (1976: issue 28(3)). Pp. 179-
- 186.
-
- COLONIC BLEEDING IN THE ELDERLY: K.V. Avots-Avotkin, et al.; Clin
- Geriatr Med (May 1985: issue 1(2)). Pp. 433-443.
-
-